Add-on Studies
Data and samples from add-on studies are made available to outside collaborators on a case-by-case basis. Information on what was collected and what may be available for new investigations can be obtained by contacting the study PI or the AHS lead investigator.
Agricultural Lung Health Study
PI: Stephanie London, NIEHS
AHS EC Contact: Dale Sandler, NIEHS
The Lung Health Study was designed to study the impact of farm exposures and genetic factors on lung function and asthma. Between 2009 and 2013, more than 3,000 AHS participants completed a home visit that included tests of lung function, collection of vacuum dust, and collection of blood and urine samples. Participants also completed a telephone interview about their history of respiratory diseases and lifetime farm exposures.
- Baumert, B.O., Ulmer Carnes, M.U., Hoppin, J.A., Jackson, C.L., Sandler, D.P., et al. (2018). Sleep apnea and pesticide exposure in a study of US farmers. Sleep Health. 4(1):20-26. EPub 2017 Sept 28.
- Carnes, M.U., Hoppin, J.A., Metwali, N., Wyss, A.B., Hankinson, J.L., et al. (2017). House Dust Endotoxin Levels Are Associated with Adult Asthma in a U.S. Farming Population. Ann Am Thorac Soc., 14(3):324-331. Epub 2016 Dec 15.
- Fessler, M.B., Carnes, M.U., Salo, P.M., Wilkerson, J., Cohn, R.D., et al. (2017). House Dust Endotoxin and Peripheral Leukocyte Counts: Results from Two Large Epidemiologic Studies. Environ Health Perspect., 125(5):057010.
- Hoang, T.T., Qi, C., Paul, K.C., Lee, M., White, J.D., et al. (2021). Epigenome-Wide DNA Methylation and Pesticide Use in the Agricultural Lung Health Study. Environ Health Perspect, 129(9):97008. Epub 2021 Sep 13.
- House, J.S., Wyss, A.B., Hoppin, J.A., Richards, M., Long, S., et al. (2017). Early-life Farm Exposures and Adult Asthma and Atopy in the Agricultural Lung Health Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol., 140(1):249-256.e14. Epub 2016 Nov 11.
- Igartua, C., Myers, R.A., Mathias, R.A., et al. (2015). Ethnic-specific associations of rare and low-frequency DNA sequence variants with asthma. Nat Commun., 16(6):5965.
- Lee, M.K., Carnes, M.U., Butz, N., Azcarate-Peril, M.A., Richards, M., et al. (2018). Exposures Related to House Dust Microbiota in a U.S. Farming Population. Environ Health Perspect., 126(6):067001.
- Sikdar, S., Wyss, A.B., Lee, M.K., Hoang, T.T., Richards, M., et al. (2021). Interaction between Genetic Risk Scores for reduced pulmonary function and smoking, asthma and endotoxin. Thorax. Epub 2021 May 7.
- Wyss, A.B., House, J.S., Hoppin, J.A., Richards, M., Hankinson, J.L., et al. (2018). Raw milk consumption and other early-life farm exposures and adult pulmonary function in the Agricultural Lung Health Study. Thorax, 73(3):279-282. Epub 2017 Jul 8.
AHS Memory and Aging Study
PI: Brenda Plassman
AHS EC Contact: Dale Sandler, NIEHS
This was a project investigating whether past exposures to pesticides or other farming-related factors might affect memory later in life. Participants aged 70+ completed a telephone cognitive screening interview from 2015-2018. Those with suspected dementia based on the telephone interview then completed a comprehensive in-person dementia evaluation. During the in-home visits blood and saliva were also collected. Dementia diagnoses were assigned by an adjudication team. Details about pesticide ever-lifetime-use were collected from 1993-1997 from licensed pesticide applicators (mostly farmers), 18-25 years before the telephone interview. A total of 2,622 participants participated in the AHS Memory and Aging study.
Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture (BEEA)
PI: Jonathan Hofmann, NCI
AHS EC Contact: Jonathan Hofmann, NCI
The BEEA study was designed to investigate the biologic plausibility and potential mechanisms of action through which agricultural exposures influence risk of cancer and other chronic diseases. Biospecimens, including blood, urine, and buccal cells, as well as house dust samples and updated information on pesticide use and other agricultural exposures were collected from 1,681 male AHS farmer/applicators and 211 demographically similar unexposed controls enrolled between 2010-2018. For more information about the specimens and data collected in BEEA and the process for requesting access, please contact Dr. Hofmann.
- Hofmann, J.N., Beane Freeman, L.E., Lynch, C.F., Andreotti, G., Thomas, K.W., et al. (2015). The Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture (BEEA) Study: Rationale, Design, Methods, and Participant Characteristics. J Toxicol Environ Health A, 78(21-22):1338-47. Epub 2015 Nov 9.
- Hofmann, J.N., Beane Freeman, L.E., Murata, K., Andreotti, G., Shearer, J.J., et al. (2021). Lifetime Pesticide Use and Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance in a Prospective Cohort of Male Farmers. Environ Health Perspect., 129(1):17003. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
- Parks, C.G., Santos, A.S.E., Lerro, C.C., DellaValle, C.T., Ward, M.H., et al. (2019) Lifetime Pesticide Use and Antinuclear Antibodies in Male Farmers From the Agricultural Health Study. Front Immunol., 10:1476
- Sauvé, Locke, S.J., Josse, P.R., Stapleton, E.M., Metwali, N., Altmaier, R.W., et al. (2020). Characterization of inhalable endotoxin, glucan, and dust exposures in Iowa farmers. Int J Hyg Environ Health, 228:113525. Epub 2020 Apr 17.
- Sauvé, J.F., Stapleton, E.M., O'Shaughnessy, P.T., Locke, S.J., Josse, P.R., et al. (2020). Diesel Exhaust Exposure during Farming Activities: Statistical Modeling of Continuous Black Carbon Concentrations. Ann Work Expo Health, 64(5):503-513. Epub 2020 Mar 27
- Shearer, J.J., Sandler, D.P., Andreotti, G., Murata, K., Shrestha, S., et al. (2021). Pesticide Use and Kidney Function Among Farmers in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture Study. Environ Res., 199:111276. Epub 2021 May 11.
- Shearer, J.J., Beane Freeman, L.E., Liu, D., Andreotti, G., Hamilton, J., et al. (2019). Longitudinal investigation of haematological alterations among permethrin-exposed pesticide applicators in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture study. Occup Environ Med., 76(7):467-470. Epub 2019 Apr 8.
- Stapleton EM, O'Shaughnessy PT, Locke SJ, Altmaier RW, Hofmann JN, et al. (2018). A task-based analysis of black carbon exposure in Iowa farmers during harvest. J Occup Environ Hyg., 15(4):293-304. Epub 2017 Dec 29.
Confirmation of Self-reported Health Conditions
AHS EC Contact: Christine Parks, NIEHS
We have periodically reached out to participants who reported health conditions that were of special interest to our research team because of the possibility that farm factors may influence the chances of developing the condition. We contacted pesticide applicators and spouses who reported specific autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, thyroid disease, and Parkinson’s disease to obtain additional information about diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.
- Meyer, A., Sandler, D.P., Beane Freeman, L.E., Hofmann, J.N., Parks, C.G. (2017). Pesticide Exposure and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis among Licensed Male Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. Environ Health Perspect., 125(7):077010.
- Parks, C.G., Hoppin, J.A., DeRoos, A.J., Costenbader, K.H., Alavanja, M.C., et al. (2016). Rheumatoid Arthritis in Agricultural Health Study Spouses: Associations with Pesticides and Other Farm Exposures. Environ Health Perspect., 124(11):1728-1734. Epub 2016 Jun 10.
- Parks, C.G., Meyer, A., Beane Freeman, L.E., Hofmann, J., Sandler, D.P. (2019). Farming tasks and the development of rheumatoid arthritis in the agricultural health study. Occup Environ Med., 76(4):243-249. Epub 2019 Feb 13.
- Shrestha, S., Parks, C.G., Goldner, W.S., Kamel, F., Umbach, D.M., et al. (2018). Incident thyroid disease in female spouses of private pesticide applicators. Environ Int., 118:282-292. Epub 2018 June 13.
- Shrestha, S., Parks, C.G., Goldner, W.S., Kamel, F., Umbach, D.M., et al. (2019). Pesticide use and incident hyperthyroidism in farmers in the Agricultural Health Study. Occup Environ Med. 76(5):332-335. Epub 2019 Feb 25.
- Shrestha, S., Parks, C.G., Goldner, W.S., Kamel, F., Umbach, D.M., et al. (2018). Pesticide Use and Incident Hypothyroidism in Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. Environ Health Perspect., 126(9):97008.
- Shrestha, S., Parks, C.G., Richards-Barber, M., Chen, H., Sandler, D.P. (2021). Parkinson's disease case ascertainment in a large prospective cohort. PLoS One, 16(5). Epub 2021 May 19.
- Shrestha, S., Parks, C.G., Umbach, D.M., Richards-Barber, M., Hofmann, J.N., et al. (2020). Pesticide use and incident Parkinson's disease in a cohort of farmers and their spouses. Environ Res, 191:110186. Epub 2020 Sep 10.
Farming and Movement Evaluation Study (FAME)
PI: Caroline Tanner, The Parkinson’s Institute
AHS EC Contact: Dale Sandler, NIEHS
The Farming and Movement Evaluation (FAME) study is a case-control study of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) nested within the AHS. Home visits were conducted to perform structured neurologic examinations, draw blood, and collect dust. PD diagnoses were confirmed by movement disorder specialists. 115 confirmed PD cases and 381 controls were included in this study which was funded by an R01 grant to Dr. Tanner, supplemented with NIEHS Intramural Program funds. Participants were examined by movement disorder specialists, completed additional questionnaires, and provided samples of blood and dust from their farm.
- Furlong, M., Tanner, C.M., Goldman, S.M., et al. (2015). Protective glove use and hygiene habits modify the associations of specific pesticides with Parkinson's disease. Environ Int., 75:144-50. Epub 2014 Nov 21.
- Goldman, S.M., Kamel, F., Ross, G.W., et al. (2014). Peptidoglycan recognition protein genes and risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord., 29(9):1171-80. Epub. 2014 May 17.
- Goldman, S.M., Kamel, F., Ross, G.W., et al. (2012). Genetic modification of the association of paraquat and Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord., 27(13): 1652-58. Epub 2012 Oct 8.
- Goldman, S.M., Kamel, F., Ross, G.W., et al. (2012). Head injury, alpha-synuclein Rep1, and Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol., 71 (1): 40-48.
- Kamel, F., Goldman, S.M., Umbach, D.M., et al. (2014). Dietary fat intake, pesticide use, and Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Related Disorders, 20(1):82-87. Epub 2013 Oct 1.
- Tanner, C.M., Kamel, F., Ross, G.W., Hoppin, J.A., Goldman, S.M., Korell, M., Marras, C., Bhudhikanok, G.S., Kasten, M., Chade, A.R., Comyns, K., Richards, M.B., Meng, C. Priestley, B. Fernandez, H.H., Cambi, F., Umbach, D.M., Blair, A., Sandler, D.P., Langston, J. L. (2011). Rotenone, Paraquat and Parkinson’s Disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119 (6):866-872.
Growth and Puberty Study
PI: Michele Marcus, Emory
AHS EC Contact: Dale Sandler, NIEHS
The Growth and Puberty Study is a pilot study to validate early markers of puberty and to evaluate the influence of agricultural exposures on pubertal growth and development involving farm families within a 100 mile radius of Des Moines, IA. Families of children aged 7-15 were invited to participate. Children were asked to provide urine and saliva samples at each of three study visits three months apart. At each visit, height, weight and fat free body mass were measured and questionnaires on Tanner staging were completed by adults and children. 48 families representing 77 children participated.
Neurobehavioral Testing Study
PI: Fred Gerr, University of Iowa
AHS EC Contact: Dale Sandler, NIEHS
This study, funded through an R01 grant to Dr. Gerr, was designed to assess the impact of chronic low level pesticide exposure on neurobehavioral function. Neurobehavioral testing was conducted on 701 farmers in the AHS from Nov 2006-March 2008. Participants were selected based on their lifetime use of organophosphate insecticides; individuals with the greatest use were oversampled to allow better representation of the high end of the exposure distribution. At the time of testing, a questionnaire was administered and blood was drawn for genetic and other analyses.
- Siegel, M., Starks, S.E., Sanderson, W.T., Kamel, F., Hoppin, J.A., et al;. (2017). Organic solvent exposure and depressive symptoms among licensed pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health., 90(8):849-857. Epub 2017 Jul 12.
- Starks, S.E., Gerr, F., Kamel, F., Lynch, C.F., Alavanja, M.C., et al. (2012). High pesticide exposure events and central nervous system function among pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 85(5):505-15. Epub 2011 Sep 7.
- Starks, S.E., Gerr, F., Kamel, F., Lynch, C.F., Jones, M.P., et al. (2012). Neurobehavioral function and organophosphate insecticide use among pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. Neurotoxicol Teratol., 34(1):168-76. Epub 2011 Aug 28.
- Starks, S.E., Hoppin, J.A., Kamel, F., Lynch, C.F., Jones, M.P., et al. (2012). Peripheral Nervous System Function and Organophosphate Pesticide Use among Licensed Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(4):515-20. Epub 2012 Jan 19.
Pesticides and Sense of Smell (PASS) Study
PI: Honglei Chen
AHS EC Contact: Dale Sandler, NIEHS
Loss of sense of smell is common with aging, especially in patients with Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. AHS participants who reported a high pesticide exposure event, such as getting a large amount of pesticides on their skin, were more likely to report a loss of sense of smell 20 years later. To follow-up on this finding, starting in 2019, AHS collaborators from Michigan State University and Duke University contacted selected participants to complete a health and farming survey and a “scratch-and-sniff” test to evaluate their sense of smell in the first phase of this study, completed by a total of 2535 participants. The second phase, including a virtual clinical assessment of neurologic health, on a smaller number of participants will be starting in 2021.